![]() ![]() ĭietary guidelines for weight loss vary greatly between different scientific societies and have been revised many times, reflecting the uncertainty in the field of nutritional management of obesity and the difficulty to generate uniform recommendations for all patients. Weight loss medication and bariatric surgery are further recommended for specific subgroups of obese patients. There is no doubt that the first-line treatment of obesity is dietary management combined with behavior modification, and secondarily, increased physical activity. Although obesity is a complex and multifactorial disease with genetic, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental origins, it is also preventable and treatable to a great extent. Obesity and overweight affect together over a third of the world’s population today, and if current trends continue, an estimated 38% of the world’s adult population will be overweight and another 20% will be obese by 2030. Identifying safe and effective strategies for long-term weight control is critical to reduce the alarming prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults and adolescents worldwide and mitigate obesity-associated health risks. ![]() Setting realistic goals for weight loss and pursuing a balanced dietary plan tailored to individual needs, preferences, and medical conditions, are the key principles to facilitate weight loss in obese patients and most importantly reduce their overall cardiometabolic risk and other obesity-related comorbidities. As a general principle, the optimal diet to treat obesity should be safe, efficacious, healthy and nutritionally adequate, culturally acceptable and economically affordable, and should ensure long-term compliance and maintenance of weight loss. ![]() To this end, various dietary plans are critically discussed, including low-fat diets, low-carbohydrate diets, high-protein diets, very low-calorie diets with meal replacements, Mediterranean diet, and diets with intermittent energy restriction. This mini-review will provide general principles and practical recommendations for the dietary management of obesity and will further explore the components of the optimal dietary intervention. Although their safety and efficacy profile has been assessed in numerous randomized clinical trials, reviews and meta-analyses, the characteristics of the optimal dietary weight loss strategy remain controversial. Various dietary approaches with different caloric content and macronutrient composition have been recommended to treat obesity in adults. ![]()
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